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websites are not only be accessed by computers with a large screen.
They were mostly accessed via mobile devices such as tablets and
smartphones that relatively have smaller screen size. Almost every
website has their different style and visual appearance concerning
content and information delivery. Even though they were visually looked
different, they were mostly designed and developed by using one of one
column, two columns, or three columns layout. The way to properly
deliver content and information on a smaller screen size becomes a
challenging matter. Responsive Web Design approach allows a single web
page to be differently visualized based on the screen size of the
accessing device. Such layout changing may affect the amount of
information to be displayed on the screen, hence affecting the
effectiveness and efficiency of information delivery in a web page. This
study compares the effectiveness and efficiency of a web page that is
being displayed on a computer screen, tablet, and smartphones. How the
implementation of Materials Design Guidelines and User-Centered Design
approaches in the design process may affect the effectiveness and
efficiency of content and information delivery of a web page on smaller
screens were also evaluated and presented. This research shows that User
Centered Design and Material Design Guidelines improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of content delivery on both tablet and
smartphone. Materials Design Guidelines provide better usability
improvement than User Centered Design approach for the smartphone screen
regarding content delivery efficiency for web pages designed in three
columns layout.
The UCD approach focuses on systems development being driven by the user’s requirements instead of technical requirements. Design should depend on measures of how well the product has been used by highlighting user’s interaction and by making use of an iterative prototyping development process. When the methodology is applied to the user as the center of application; the users must be identified and analyzed by the user modeling. A user model has to be an integral part of any interactive system. A user model is different from both the actual knowledge possessed by a user and knowledge employed by system designers .
There are several modeling techniques: user roles, user segments, extreme characters , personas, etc. User roles and user segments are not particularly useful for developing user scenarios and for accommodating different users in a single project. Extreme characters is not a method that makes possible the characterization of real system users. By comparison, personas is a better modeling method based on the identification of characters who typify the system end user
Persona can clear the process which includes determining the functions and content of software and determining their priority. Persona plays an immeasurable role to make decision in advance. When determining the qualitative features and functionalities, persona can be used in brainstorming, to determine the priorities, to guide site structure, content and design. In brainstorming, discuss all the possible features, functionality and content based on the persona's goals, views and behaviors. Through brainstorming, get a list of user functional requirements. By grading the each potential function with persona, it’s very easy to get scientific evaluation results that will be used to sort the all functions by their priority.
